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Amino acid · in-depth review

L-Glutamine

L-Glutamine

L-glutamine is the free amino acid of highest content in muscle and plasma, as the main oxidative fuel of small-intestinal epithelium and immune cells.

Also known asGlutamine
Related symptomsBloatingMuscle soreness

Marked asPrimarySupporting

Primary

Fuel for intestinal mucosal cells

Small-intestinal epithelium preferentially oxidizes glutamine for energy to maintain villus height and tight junctions. Enterocytes use almost all incoming glutamine on the spot; plasma concentration often falls after surgery, infection, or high-intensity training. Chicken, fish, and dairy are common food sources; intestinal mucosal energy supply relies on this amino acid.

Primary

Nitrogen shuttle for immune cells

Lymphocytes and macrophages consume large amounts of glutamine when proliferating, as a nitrogen donor and nucleic-acid precursor, and oxidize it for energy. Skeletal muscle is the body's main glutamine store, shuttling amino groups to viscera in a nitrogen shuttle. After high training volume, infection, or surgery this supply chain is most easily strained; immune-cell fuel shows the gap first.

Primary

Support post-exercise recovery

L-Glutamine is a nitrogen source for muscle and immune cells; plasma levels fall after intense training, and supplementation trials often watch recovery and upper respiratory infection rates. Beyond gut mucosa, high-training athletes often match gaps on this muscle-recovery path, alongside immune nitrogen-shuttle uses; effects are clearer with continued use.

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Bloating

Small-intestinal epithelium preferentially oxidizes glutamine for energy to maintain villus height and tight junctions. People whose belly swells after meals and who loosen a belt notch more often notice abdominal softness and less gas after several continuous weeks.

Muscle soreness

L-Glutamine is a nitrogen source for muscle and immune cells; plasma levels fall after intense training, and supplementation trials often watch recovery and upper respiratory infection rates. People still sore the day after lifting or a long walk more often notice faster easing of soreness and more willingness to train again after several continuous weeks.

Ulcerative colitis

Small-intestinal epithelium preferentially oxidizes glutamine for energy to maintain villus height and tight junctions. People already in GI follow-up watching blood in stool and pain more often notice unwell days after several continuous weeks; this is nutritional observation.

Sarcopenia

Small-intestinal epithelium preferentially oxidizes glutamine for energy to maintain villus height and tight junctions. People who rise from a chair more slowly and whose grip is weaker more often notice strength feelings and walking stability after several continuous weeks.

Common cold

L-Glutamine is a nitrogen source for muscle and immune cells; plasma levels fall after intense training, and supplementation trials often watch recovery and upper respiratory infection rates. People who congest and get a sore throat when seasons change more often notice cold frequency and how long each spell lasts after several continuous weeks.

With foodDepending on the product form, it may be taken with food or after a meal
Best timeMorning or midday, mainly
SolubilityWater-soluble

After continued use, reassess by how you feel and whether you still need it.

General wellnessTypical daily intake for general wellness: often 5 g
Specific needsTypical adult daily safety upper limit is about 20 g (in divided doses); people with liver disease should ask a clinician first, and do not exceed this on your own long term.

How oftenUsually fine to use daily; adjust to personal need.

Cautions

Hepatic encephalopathy or severe liver disease: ask a clinician before use.

Interactions

  1. Antiepileptic drugs and hepatic-encephalopathy medicines (ask a clinician)
Common side effects

· Some people may notice mild digestive or other discomfort.

Rare but important

· If discomfort persists or you worry about drug interactions, seek professional advice.

Long-term dependenceNo typical addiction evidence; do not exceed labeled amounts on your own long term.

Sources

These are institution pages you can check—not a certification of this ingredient.

Medical disclaimerThis page is compiled by the HerbBB editorial team for general health information only. It is not a substitute for advice from a doctor, pharmacist, or other qualified clinician. If you have a health condition, take medicines, or are pregnant or breastfeeding, speak with a professional first.